Emoxypine Succinate Product Description

Introduction

Emoxypine succinate is a stable succinate salt form of Emoxypine, a synthetic derivative of 3-hydroxypyridine (a vitamin B6 analog). This compound is typically available as a white to off-white crystalline powder and is widely used in biomedical research. Emoxypine succinate is known for its antioxidant and neuroprotective properties, making it a valuable research chemical in studies related to oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, and neurodegeneration. The succinate salt form enhances solubility and stability, facilitating its experimental handling and applicability.

Chemical Properties and Specifications

2.1 Structural and Molecular Characteristics

• Chemical Formula: C12H17NO5

• Molecular Weight: 255.27 g/mol

• CAS Number: 127464-43-1

• IUPAC Name: 2-ethyl-6-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine succinate (salt)

• Synonyms: Emoxypine succinate, Mexidol, Mexifin, Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate

2.2 Physical Properties and Purity Standards

• Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder

• Purity: Typically ≥98% in research-grade material

• Solubility: Highly soluble in water (~250 mg/mL), slightly soluble in methanol

• Storage Recommendations: Store in a cool, dry place protected from moisture and light; powder stable for years at 4°C or below

Pharmacological Profile and Mechanism of Action

3.1 Proposed Mechanism of Action

Emoxypine succinate acts as a potent antioxidant by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential damage and inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It supports mitochondrial function and cellular respiration while exhibiting lipid peroxidation inhibition properties. The succinate portion contributes to energy cycle modulation, potentially aiding cellular energy metabolism. These properties make Emoxypine succinate valuable in research on neuroprotection, ischemia, and oxidative stress-related diseases.

3.2 Research Applications

Researchers employ Emoxypine succinate to study antioxidant defenses, neuroprotection mechanisms, and cellular bioenergetics. It has applications in preclinical models investigating cerebral ischemia, neurodegenerative disorders, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The compound’s effects on leukocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress pathways are also areas of ongoing investigation.

Comparative Analysis with Related Compounds

4.1 Comparison with Related Compounds

Compared to other antioxidants like Vitamin E or N-acetylcysteine, Emoxypine succinate offers distinct neuroprotective properties due to its dual antioxidant and mitochondrial support actions. Its succinate salt form provides enhanced solubility and bioavailability relative to Emoxypine free base, improving pharmacokinetic characteristics in experimental studies.

4.2 Advantages for Research

High aqueous solubility enables diverse formulation options. The salt form’s stability ensures consistency in dosing and prolonged shelf life. Its multifaceted mechanism of action helps dissect complex oxidative and mitochondrial mechanisms in research.

Safety and Handling Guidelines

5.1 Laboratory Safety

Handle with appropriate personal protective equipment including gloves and safety glasses. Avoid inhalation and direct contact. Use adequate ventilation to minimize airborne exposure.

5.2 Disposal and Environmental Considerations

Dispose of according to institutional chemical waste guidelines. Prevent environmental contamination by following hazardous waste disposal protocols.

5.3 Regulatory Status

Emoxypine succinate is a research chemical not approved for human therapeutic use. Handling and use must comply with local and institutional regulatory policies.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is the molecular weight of Emoxypine succinate?
   255.27 g/mol.

2. How soluble is Emoxypine succinate in water?
   Approximately 250 mg/mL; highly soluble in water.

3. What biological effects does Emoxypine succinate exhibit?
   Antioxidant, neuroprotective, and mitochondrial function support.

4. How should Emoxypine succinate be stored?
   Store in a cool, dry place away from light, preferably at 4°C or lower.

5. What research applications does Emoxypine succinate have?
   Studies on oxidative stress, neuroprotection, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ischemia models.

Conclusion

Emoxypine succinate is a high-purity, water-soluble salt form of Emoxypine, widely applied in research exploring antioxidant and neuroprotective mechanisms. Its stability, solubility, and multifaceted biological activity make it a valuable compound for preclinical studies in oxidative stress and mitochondrial function.