Phenylpiracetam

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

Introduction

Phenylpiracetam, also known as Carphedon or Phenotropil, is a synthetic nootropic compound from the racetam family. It is derived by adding a phenyl group to the core structure of piracetam, resulting in enhanced cognitive and physical stimulant properties. Phenylpiracetam typically exists as a white to off-white crystalline powder or solid and is widely used in research focused on cognitive enhancement, memory, learning, and neuroprotection. Developed in Russia in the early 1980s, it was initially created for use by cosmonauts to combat the effects of stress and fatigue during space missions.

Chemical Properties and Specifications

Structural and Molecular Characteristics

• Chemical Formula: C12H14N2O2C12H14N2O2

• Molecular Weight: 218.25 g/mol

• CAS Number: 77472-70-9

• IUPAC Name: 2-(2-oxo-4-phenylpyrrolidin-1-yl)acetamide

• Synonyms: Carphedon, Phenotropil, Fonturacetam, 4-Phenylpiracetam, Phenylpiracetam hydrazide (derivative)

Physical Properties and Purity Standards

• Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder

• Purity: Generally ≥98% pure for research-grade compound

• Solubility:

  • ≥10.9 mg/mL in DMSO

  • ≥58.2 mg/mL in ethanol with gentle warming

  • ≥18.5 mg/mL in water with ultrasonic and warming

• Storage Recommendations: Store in a tightly sealed container at -20°C in a dry, dark place to maintain stability and prevent degradation.

Pharmacological Profile and Mechanism of Action

Proposed Mechanism of Action

Phenylpiracetam enhances cognitive function primarily by modulating neurotransmitter systems, including acetylcholine and dopamine pathways. It acts as a positive allosteric modulator of glutamate receptors and improves synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection. The phenyl group increases blood-brain barrier penetration and potency compared to piracetam, resulting in enhanced stimulant, anxiolytic, and memory-boosting effects. It also affects sigma-1 receptor modulation (in some derivatives), contributing to neuroprotection.

Research Applications

This compound is used in neuroscience research on cognitive enhancement, anti-amnesic effects, antidepressant activity, anticonvulsant properties, and physical performance improvement. It serves as a model for investigating nootropic mechanisms, neuroplasticity, and neuropharmacological drug development.

Comparative Analysis with Related Compounds

Compare to Related Compounds

Compared to piracetam, phenylpiracetam features higher potency, improved blood-brain barrier permeability, and additional stimulant effects. Compared to other racetams, it exhibits unique dopamine and acetylcholine modulation. Derivatives such as 4-chlorophenylpiracetam show increased potency and receptor selectivity.

Advantages for Research

Enhanced bioavailability and multifaceted neurochemical activity provide a broad spectrum of research opportunities from cognitive enhancement to neuroprotection. Its well-documented pharmacokinetics and favorable safety profile improve experimental reliability.

Safety and Handling Guidelines

Laboratory Safety

Wear gloves, lab coat, and eye protection. Handle in ventilated areas to avoid inhalation or skin contact. Use standard laboratory chemical handling protocols.

Disposal and Environmental Considerations

Dispose of according to chemical hazard regulations to prevent environmental contamination. Follow institutional waste disposal policies.

Regulatory Status

Phenylpiracetam is classified for research use only and is not approved for medical use in many jurisdictions. Handling requires compliance with local chemical research regulations.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is Phenylpiracetam used for in research?
   Cognitive enhancement, neuroprotection, and physical stamina studies.

2. How soluble is Phenylpiracetam?
   Soluble in DMSO, ethanol (with warming), and water (with warming and ultrasound).

3. What storage conditions are recommended?
   Store at -20°C in tightly closed containers away from light.

4. How does Phenylpiracetam differ from Piracetam?
   Phenylpiracetam is more potent with stimulant effects due to a phenyl substitution.

5. Is Phenylpiracetam safe for laboratory handling?
   Yes, standard chemical lab safety measures are sufficient.

Conclusion

Phenylpiracetam is a potent nootropic and neuroprotective racetam compound with enhanced cognitive, stimulant, and anxiolytic properties. Its chemical and pharmacological profile makes it valuable for comprehensive neuroscience research.