Fladrafinil – CRL-40,941 Product Description

Introduction

Fladrafinil, also known by its developmental code CRL-40,941 and synonyms such as fluorafinil and bis(4-fluorophenyl)-adrafinil, is a synthetic eugeroic compound closely related to modafinil and adrafinil. It is a white crystalline powder primarily utilized in laboratory research on wakefulness-promoting agents and nootropics. Fladrafinil is distinct in its chemical structure by having bis(p-fluoro) substitution on the phenyl rings, which may influence its pharmacological properties compared to other related substances. This compound is intended solely for research use, not approved for medical or human consumption.

Chemical Properties and Specifications

Structural and Molecular Characteristics

• Chemical Formula: C15H13F2NO3S

• Molecular Weight: 325.33 g/mol

• CAS Number: 90212-80-9

• IUPAC Name: Acetamide, 2-[[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-N-hydroxy-

• Synonyms: Fladrafinil, CRL-40,941, Fluorafinil, Bis(4-fluorophenyl)-adrafinil

Physical Properties and Purity Standards

• Appearance: White crystalline solid

• Purity: Research grade purity typically ≥98%

• Solubility: Slightly soluble in DMSO and methanol; practically insoluble in water

• Melting Point: Decomposes above 102°C

• Storage Recommendations: Store at -20°C in a dry, dark environment; protect from repeated freeze-thaw cycles to maintain chemical stability

Pharmacological Profile and Mechanism of Action

Proposed Mechanism of Action

Fladrafinil is a wakefulness-promoting agent acting as a eugeroic, similar to modafinil and adrafinil. It works by modulating neurotransmitter systems involved in arousal and cognition, although its exact mechanism remains less understood. The molecule’s bis(p-fluoro) substitution may enhance pharmacokinetic properties such as half-life and receptor affinity. Animal studies have shown it can exhibit anti-aggressive effects, distinguishing it pharmacologically from adrafinil.

Research Applications

Fladrafinil is primarily employed in neuropharmacological research focused on stimulant and cognitive enhancement mechanisms. It is used in animal models to evaluate wakefulness, memory, and neurochemical modulation and is a subject of interest for developing safer and more effective nootropics. Its chemical similarity to approved wakefulness agents makes it a candidate for forensic and analytical studies as well.

Comparative Analysis with Related Compounds

Comparison to Modafinil and Adrafinil

Fladrafinil differs from modafinil and adrafinil by featuring bis(p-fluoro) groups on its phenyl rings, potentially affecting potency, metabolic stability, and receptor interactions. It is considered more potent than adrafinil in some studies and shows a different profile of behavioral effects in animals, including anti-aggressive activity not observed with adrafinil.

Advantages for Research

Fladrafinil offers a unique molecular structure for studying eugeroic agents and their pharmacodynamics. Its enhanced potency and distinct behavioral effects provide valuable insights into the design of novel cognitive enhancers and stimulants.

Safety and Handling Guidelines

Laboratory Safety

Handle fladrafinil using standard protective equipment—gloves, lab coat, eye protection—in well-ventilated areas or fume hoods. Avoid inhalation, ingestion, and skin contact.

Disposal and Environmental Considerations

Dispose of fladrafinil as chemical hazardous waste, following institutional protocols to prevent environmental contamination.

Regulatory Status

Fladrafinil is for research use only and is not approved for human or veterinary applications. Legal status varies and should be verified before acquisition or use.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is Fladrafinil used for in research?
   It is used to study wakefulness-promoting effects, nootropic potentials, and behavioral changes in animal models.

2. How is Fladrafinil chemically different from Modafinil?
   Fladrafinil has bis(4-fluorophenyl) groups, which modify its pharmacological profile compared to modafinil.

3. Is Fladrafinil safe for human consumption?
   No, it is a research chemical not approved for human use.

4. How should Fladrafinil be stored?
   Store at -20°C in a dry, dark place to maintain stability.

5. What solvents dissolve Fladrafinil?
   Slightly soluble in DMSO and methanol; practically insoluble in water.

Conclusion

Fladrafinil (CRL-40,941) is a potent eugeroic agent structurally distinct by its bis(p-fluoro) substitutions. It is utilized in research to explore wakefulness, cognition, and behavioral pharmacology. Fladrafinil’s unique profile and molecular characteristics offer valuable insights into next-generation nootropics and stimulants. Proper handling and adherence to regulatory guidance are essential due to its research-only status.