Sunifiram

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

Introduction

Sunifiram (DM-235) is a synthetic nootropic compound and a piperazine-derived molecule structurally distinct from classical racetams. While it shares some similarity with piracetam, Sunifiram is not classified as a racetam due to its unique chemical structure. It is most often supplied as a white crystalline powder for use in research applications involving cognitive enhancement, neuropharmacology, and synaptic plasticity. Sunifiram’s potent cognitive effects and unique mechanism make it an important tool in neuroscience research, yet it remains unapproved for medical use and is intended strictly for laboratory investigation.

Chemical Properties and Specifications

Structural and Molecular Characteristics

• Chemical Formula: C1414H1818N22O22

• Molecular Weight: 246.3 g/mol

• CAS Number: 314728-85-3

• IUPAC Name: 1-(4-benzoyl-1-piperazinyl)-1-propanone

• Synonyms: DM-235, Sunifiram, Piperazine, 1-benzoyl-4-(1-oxopropyl), Suniferam

Physical Properties and Purity Standards

• Appearance: White crystalline powder

• Purity: Typically ≥98% for research-grade product

• Solubility: Water soluble up to 24 mg/mL, readily soluble in DMSO and other organic solvents

• Melting Point: 92–94°C

• Boiling Point: Approx. 442°C (predicted)

• Density: 1.154 g/cm³ (at 20°C, 760 Torr)

• Storage Recommendations: Store at 2–8°C, protect from light and moisture to maintain integrity

Pharmacological Profile and Mechanism of Action

Proposed Mechanism of Action

Sunifiram is regarded as an ampakine-like compound, thought to act primarily as a positive allosteric modulator of AMPA-type glutamate receptors. It enhances synaptic transmission and can increase the release of acetylcholine in the cerebral cortex. Recent molecular studies suggest it also binds to the glycine site of the NMDA receptor, contributing to its pronounced cognitive effects such as improved learning and memory in preclinical models.

Research Applications

Sunifiram is used in animal and in vitro research into cognitive enhancement, synaptic plasticity, and neuroprotection. It serves as a model compound for evaluating selective AMPA receptor modulation, NMDA receptor interaction, and as a subject in studies targeting treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, memory disorders, and synaptic transmission abnormalities.

Comparative Analysis with Related Compounds

Comparison with Piracetam and Ampakines

Sunifiram shares partial similarities with piracetam (nootropic effect), but its piperazine backbone and ampakine-like action distinguish it mechanistically and structurally. Unlike classic racetams, Sunifiram is significantly more potent in both cognitive enhancement and synaptic modulation, as evidenced by lower effective doses in research models.

Advantages for Research

Sunifiram’s potent AMPA receptor modulation and high water solubility allow for precise dosing and easy administration in laboratory settings. Its dual mechanism (AMPA/NMDA) profile enables unique investigations into excitatory neurotransmission and memory enhancement.

Safety and Handling Guidelines

Laboratory Safety

Use standard laboratory personal protective equipment when handling Sunifiram, including gloves and safety glasses. Avoid direct skin contact, inhalation of dust, and ingestion. Conduct work in a ventilated environment or fume hood when preparing solutions.

Disposal and Environmental Considerations

Dispose of Sunifiram in accordance with institutional hazardous chemical policies. Prevent release into water systems and follow pharmaceutical waste guidelines.

Regulatory Status

Sunifiram is designated as a research chemical and is not approved for medical use. Its regulatory status varies by jurisdiction; it is typically unregulated but may be subject to import and research limitations in some countries.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is Sunifiram used for in research?
   For investigating cognitive enhancement, synaptic plasticity, and memory function.

2. Is Sunifiram water-soluble?
   Yes, with water solubility up to 24 mg/mL; also soluble in DMSO and organic solvents.

3. How does Sunifiram differ from racetams?
   It is structurally distinct and more potent, acting as an AMPA receptor modulator rather than a racetam.

4. What precautions should be taken during handling?
   Use gloves, goggles, and work in a ventilated area or fume hood.

5. Is Sunifiram approved for human consumption?
   No, it is strictly for research and laboratory use.

Conclusion

Sunifiram is a potent, piperazine-derived nootropic notable for its ampakine-like modulation of AMPA and NMDA receptors, providing strong cognitive enhancement in preclinical studies. Its unique structure, high solubility, and mechanistic profile make it an essential tool for neuropharmacological research into synaptic transmission, memory, and neuroprotection. All laboratory use should follow strict safety and regulatory protocols.