NSI-189 Phosphate

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

Introduction

NSI-189 Phosphate is a phosphate salt derivative of NSI-189, a novel neurogenic small molecule compound. It generally appears as a white to off-white solid powder. NSI-189 Phosphate is under active investigation for its neurogenic, neurotrophic, and synaptoplastic activities, especially for stimulating the generation of new neurons in the hippocampus. It is widely studied for its antidepressant, procognitive, and neuroprotective potential in preclinical and clinical research, particularly targeting major depressive disorder (MDD) and cognitive impairment.

Chemical Properties and Specifications

Structural and Molecular Characteristics

• Chemical Formula: C22H33N4O5PC22H33N4O5P

• Molecular Weight: 464.49 g/mol

• CAS Number: 1270138-41-4

• IUPAC Name: (4-benzylpiperazin-1-yl)-[2-(3-methylbutylamino)pyridin-3-yl]methanone phosphate

• Synonyms: NSI-189 H3PO4, NSI-189 phosphate, NSI-189 phosphoric acid salt

Physical Properties and Purity Standards

• Appearance: White to off-white solid powder

• Purity: Usually ≥98% pure for research grade

• Solubility: Soluble in DMSO (~65 mg/mL), slightly soluble in ethanol, very low solubility in water (<1 mg/mL)

• Storage Recommendations: Store powder at -20°C away from moisture and direct sunlight for up to 3 years; in solution, store at -80°C for up to one year

Pharmacological Profile and Mechanism of Action

Proposed Mechanism of Action

NSI-189 Phosphate stimulates neurogenesis primarily by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of human hippocampus-derived neural stem cells. It enhances neurotrophic factors such as BDNF, SCF, VEGF, and GDNF, contributing to synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection. Unlike traditional antidepressants, it acts independently of monoamine neurotransmitter pathways, offering a unique approach to treating depression and cognitive deficits.

Research Applications

It is extensively used in research on major depressive disorder, cognitive impairment, stroke recovery, and neurodegenerative diseases. NSI-189 Phosphate facilitates investigation into neurogenesis modulation, synaptic function improvement, and neuroprotective mechanisms across various neurological and psychiatric disease models.

Comparative Analysis with Related Compounds

Compare to Related Compounds

NSI-189 Phosphate is chemically related to NSI-189 Free Base but has distinct solubility and stability profiles due to its phosphate salt form. Compared to other neurogenic compounds like fluoxetine or ketamine, NSI-189 offers a targeted increase in hippocampal neurogenesis with a different mechanism of action, lacking common monoaminergic effects.

Advantages for Research

Its high purity, aqueous stability (compared to free base), and well-studied pharmacological profile make NSI-189 Phosphate especially useful for controlled in vitro and in vivo experiments. It allows easier preparation of aqueous solutions, improving experimental consistency and data reproducibility.

Safety and Handling Guidelines

Laboratory Safety

Standard laboratory safety practices are required: gloves, lab coat, and eye protection. Avoid inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Use in a well-ventilated area and handle powder carefully to prevent dust formation.

Disposal and Environmental Considerations

Dispose of unused compound and waste material according to local hazardous waste regulations. Prevent environmental contamination by following institutional chemical disposal protocols.

Regulatory Status

NSI-189 Phosphate is an investigational research compound and is not approved for clinical or human use. Distribution is controlled under research and chemical regulatory frameworks.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What is NSI-189 Phosphate used for in research?
   It is used to study neurogenesis, depression, cognitive enhancement, and neuroprotection.

2. How soluble is NSI-189 Phosphate?
   It is soluble in DMSO (~65 mg/mL), poorly soluble in water.

3. How should NSI-189 Phosphate be stored?
   Store as a powder at -20°C away from moisture and light, or in solution at -80°C.

4. Can NSI-189 Phosphate be used in animal models?
   Yes, it is widely used in rodent and other preclinical neurological models.

5. Are standard lab safety measures sufficient?
   Yes, use gloves, eye protection, and lab coat; avoid dust inhalation.

Conclusion

NSI-189 Phosphate is a highly potent neurogenic compound extensively used for research into hippocampal neurogenesis, cognition, and depression. Its chemical stability and solubility advantages support diverse experimental applications under rigorous laboratory safety protocols.